Socio‐demographic factors and shared leadership behaviors in dispersed teams: Implications for human resource management

Companies increasingly make use of geographically dispersed teams to capture knowledge residing at different locations. In this context, shared leadership is considered a key enabler of team performance. Taking a functional perspective on shared leadership, we thus investigate the relationship between shared leadership behaviors and team performance in dispersed teams. Furthermore, we analyze how socio‐demographic factors that are characteristic for dispersed teams (i.e., high female‐to‐male ratio, high mean age, and high levels of national diversity) affect shared leadership behaviors. Based on data from 96 dispersed teams, we show that shared leadership behavior fosters team performance. Further, we find the socio‐demographic characteristics typical for dispersed teams to foster shared leadership. Theoretical and managerial implications for human resource management are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

论多元文化主义的实践性特征

多元文化主义是为解决因文化多样性和弱势群体而引发的社会问题而首先由加拿大政府在一份政策性报告里提出来的。无论它的理论背景、理论界定、还是它的理论实施都显示出了多元文化主义的实践性特征。多元文化主义与其说具有理论的特征,不如说它更具有实践的特征。本文将试图对多元文化主义的这一特征进行论述。     

对弱势群体的现象学解释

现象学的整体与部分、多样性中的同一性、在场与缺席三种形式结构为研究和探讨各种论题提供了方法论意义。弱势群体作为目前重要的话题对象之一,以现象学的哲学思维剖析它的性质、特点,审视它与其他群体之间的关系等等,有助于进一步发现弱势群体自身的结构、特点,揭示它与其他群体合作中多样性因素的存在价值,以为制定科学地、合理地、具有时效性的社会救助方案提供新的思维路径。     

价值多样性和社会主义核心价值观

党的十七大报告关于建设社会主义核心价值体系的论述,为引领价值多样性指明了方向。现阶段,我国社会客观存在的各种思想和价值观念相互交织、激荡和碰撞,彼消此长,呈现出"一元主导,多样并存"的趋势,价值多样性在很大程度上猛烈地冲击着社会主义核心价值体系的建设。因此,用社会主义核心价值观引领多样性的人生价值观,对大学生思想建设具有重大的现实指导意义。     

Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance

In this paper, we offer a comprehensive alliance portfolio diversity construct that includes partner, functional, and governance diversity. Grounding our work primarily with the resource‐ and dynamic capabilities‐based views, we argue that increased diversity in partners' industry, organizational, and national background will incur added complexity and coordination costs but will provide broadened resource and learning benefits. Increased functional diversity results in a more balanced portfolio of exploration and exploitation activities that expands the firm's knowledge base while increased governance diversity inhibits learning and routine building. Hypotheses were tested with alliance portfolio and performance data for 138 multinational firms in the global automobile industry during the twenty‐year period from 1985 to 2005. We found alliance portfolios with greater organizational and functional diversity and lower governance diversity were related to higher firm performance while industry diversity had a U‐shaped relationship with firm performance. We suggest firms manage their alliances with a portfolio perspective, seeking to maximize resource and learning benefits by collaborating with a variety of organizations in various value chain activities while minimizing managerial costs through a focused set of governance structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Charisma and Compassion – Cheng Yen and the Buddhist Tzu Chi Movement by Huang,C. J.

The authors investigate the relationship between board ethnic diversity, ethnicity and market, and book measures of firm financial performance using Malaysian data. This represents a departure from prior studies that focused on White countries whose people remain culturally indistinct. Ethnic diversity is measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index; ethnicity is the largest representation of a single race. Controlling for firm- and board-specific attributes, the authors find a significant positive relationship between ethnic diversity and firm financial performance and that financial performance of companies differ between ethnicities. The results suggest that despite modernization and homogenization, corporate Malaysia is still divided along racial lines.     

Ethnic Identity in Advertising: A Review and Meta-Analysis

The corpus of research on ethnic identity in advertising indicates that (1) ethnic identity influences commonly examined attitudinal and purchase-intention outcomes, and (2) attitudes toward both the actor(s)/model(s) and the ad moderate attitudes toward brands depicted in ethnically resonant ads. Individual studies often differ by measurement type (i.e., single-item measure versus multi-item scale), study design (i.e., experiment versus survey), and diversity of respondent sample. Seemingly, ethnic-identity effects are greater for studies that relied on single-item measures, experimental designs, and more diverse samples. Implications and future research directions are suggested.     

浅谈建筑设计中的艺术形式感

建筑作为一种实用艺术,不仅要体现出适用的特点,而且要有美感,要满足人们精神感受上的审美要求。建筑作为艺术门类的一种,遵循和谐和多样统一的美学基本原则。作为一名建筑师来说,创造符合功能的形式美建筑是不可忽视的。     

Financial crises: reducing pro-cyclicality

The swing in favour of markets weakened regulation, created incentives for excessive risk-taking, and reduced transparency and diversity. As a result, financial markets became more pro-cyclical. The right combination of regulation and markets is required to reverse this. Principle-based reform should aim to change behaviour rather than forbid activity. Central Bank accommodation has been blamed for the crisis, but excessive leverage due to lax regulation was of a much greater magnitude than any monetary imbalance. Capital's mobility and arbitrage in response to regulation, implies changes must be adopted globally. A diversity of voice and power is essential to enable implementation of the core set of proposals that can make financial markets more robust.     

Demonstrating Ethnocentrism

This paper presents a classroom exercise that may be used to demonstrate the concept of ethnocentrism. The exercise employs a map task that is used to indicate selective attention. The exercise is quick, informative, and generally entertaining, and it is appropriate as a teaching device wherever the marketing curriculum focuses upon international concerns.